A UTILITY FUNCTION is an important tool for representing a DM’s preference. We adjoin UTILITY FUNCTIONs tomulti objective optimization problems. In current studies, usually one UTILITY FUNCTION is used for each objective FUNCTION. Situations may arise for a goal to have multiple UTILITY FUNCTIONs. Here, we consider a constrained MULTI-OBJECTIVE problem with each objective having multiple UTILITY FUNCTIONs. We induce the probability of the utilities for each objective FUNCTION using BAYESIAN THEORY. Illustrative examples considering dependence and independence of variables are worked through to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model.

In this paper, after theoretical extension of Veblen's THEORY of conspicuous consumption to production process, three methods were introduced for aggregating Veblen effects and MULTI-OBJECTIVE PROGRAMming. They are: (1) using iterative weighting method to aggregate Veblen effects and MULTI-OBJECTIVE PROGRAMming, (2) the social status coefficients are estimated subjectively and (3) a new objective is introduced as an index of social status. The third method was applied to a sample of Rafsanjan pistachio growers. The farmers yield was considered as the social status index. The results showed that farmers choose neither profit maximization goal nor yield maximization goal, but choose a compromise between these two objectives. Thus, trying to increase social status can be considered as one of the important objectives of the farmers. This objective influences both objective space and decision space. In the objective space a compromise between social status goal and other objectives is considered. This compromising would also change the decisions space.

Objectives: Economists postulates that in order to achieve maximum welfare gain in the community, cost and benefit of investment projects should be distributed between individual on the base of marginal UTILITY of income. A broader opinion is that even though poorer individuals may be less able to pay for a particular benefit, they may obtain greater UTILITY from it. In line with the broader opinion, this paper looks at regional welfare weights in Iran on the basis of a conventional consumption UTILITY FUNCTION which assumes diminishing marginal UTILITY. Methods: In this paper we investigate real per capita consumption of 28 provinces in 1385 with statistical point. and estimate marginal UTILITY of consumption in Iran with econometric and time series technique.Findings: There is a significant difference in real per capita consumption between provinces if a project increase the income in all provinces in a same amount their effect on welfare increase will be different. Marginal UTILITY of income in Iran is -1.56. the minimum welfare with belong to Tehran province and maximum to Sistan province. Results: The use of distributional weights normally produces a systematic bias in investment analysis favoring projects that benefit the poor rather than the rich. This should not be regarded as being a distortion in the rational use of Scarce resources, but rather a manifestation of fundamental socio-economic objectives of the community who may wish to consider equity and efficiency objectives simultaneously. With the use of regional welfare weights the cost-benefit analysis will make the poor districts a much more favorable venue than the richer ones.

For a nonsmooth multiobjective mathematical PROGRAMming problem governed by infinitely many constraints, we define a new gap FUNCTION that generalizes the definitions of this concept in other articles. Then, we characterize the efficient, weakly efficient, and properly efficient solutions of the problem utilizing this new gap FUNCTION. Our results are based on (Φ , ρ )− invexity, defined by Clarke subdifferential.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical THEORY of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer THEORY. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer THEORY and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer THEORY. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer THEORY was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

Background: Hypothyroidism, a preventable cause of mental retardation, is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine gland in children. The disorder can be corrected if it is identified and treated within the first few days of birth. In Iran, hypothyroidism is estimated to affect one out of 400 to 900 neonates, which is much higher than the global average.Objectives: This article is conducted to investigate the most cost–UTILITY option i.e. whether to implement the neonatal screening of genetic hypothyroidism or to merely treat such patients in the absence of the screening process.Patients and Methods: The present research is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. The provider perspective was employed to calculate the direct costs imposed on Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, insurance organizations, charities and patients concerning the implementation of screening PROGRAM and the treatment of detected cases along with the direct costs related to patients treated in the absence of the screening process; costs related to death were excluded. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 81837 newborns referred to university laboratory in Shiraz in 2010. In order to measure the UTILITY, time-trade-off method was employed to determine the life quality of patients.Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of hypothyroidism, calculated through dividing the cost difference (ΔC) by UTILITY difference (ΔQALY), indicated that screening saved a total of 13413 US. $.Conclusions: The economic evaluation (cost-UTILITY analysis) resulted from the comparison of the above choices revealed that implementing the screening plan can actually be better and more cost-effective.